Cantonese by construction
Cantonese, brick by brick

Learn the bricks. Build your sentences.

Instead of memorising lists of phrases, you learn reusable words and the rules that put them together. You build, transform and listen to sentences you have never seen before.

a young backpacker, notebook in hand, on a Wan Chai pavement at dusk; a green double-decker tram goes by, blurred illuminated signs above the street
Subject + wish + action + object
我ngóhSubject
想séungWish
飲yámAction
茶chàhObject
I’d like to drink some tea. ngóh séung yám chàh
The method

Six families of bricks

Every word comes in traditional characters, with its Yale romanisation (tone marks included), its audio and a meaning in context.

People
我ngóh 你néih 佢kéuih 我哋ngóh deih 你哋néih deih

佢 means both “he” and “she”. The plural is made with 哋: 我哋 (we), 你哋 (you, plural), 佢哋 (they).

Actions
飲yám 食sihk 去heui 有yáuh 鍾意jūng yi

Verbs never change: 我飲, 佢飲, 我哋飲 – no -s, no past tense ending. 飲 is for drinks, 食 for food.

Things and places
茶chàh 水séui 麵包mihn bāau 香港hēung góng 餐廳chāan tēng

No articles, no gender, no compulsory plural. The place comes straight after the verb, with no “to”: 去餐廳 (go to the restaurant).

Operators
唔m̀h 冇móuh A唔AA m̀h A 想séung 咩mē

唔 negates, right before the verb; 冇 replaces 有 in the negative. A yes/no question repeats the verb with 唔 in the middle: 飲唔飲?

Patterns
我飲茶S + V + O 我想飲茶想 + V 你飲唔飲茶?V 唔 V

The assembly rules. Nothing is glued together word for word.

Tones
詩sī 史sí 試si 時sìh 市síh 事sih

Six tones, shown in Yale romanisation by an accent on the vowel and a silent h for the low tones. The tone is part of the word: 詩 (poem) and 時 (time) are two different words.

In real life

The same bricks, everywhere

At a restaurant, on the move or meeting someone new, a few bricks are enough to make yourself understood.

the traveller ordering at the counter of a Hong Kong cha chaan teng, vinyl booths, a glass of milk tea on a Formica table, a menu of coloured boards on the wall
At a Hong Kong café
唔該,要杯奶茶。m̀h gōi, yiu būi náaih chàhA milk tea, please.
the traveller, map in hand, asks a passer-by for directions outside a metro station in Central; green double-decker trams and red taxis in the street
Getting around
唔該,地鐵站喺邊度呀?m̀h gōi, deih tit jaahm hái bīn douh aExcuse me, where’s the metro station?
the traveller chatting with a young Hong Kong woman on the deck of the Star Ferry, the towers of Hong Kong Island in the background
Meeting people
你鍾唔鍾意香港呀?néih jūng m̀h jūng yi hēung góng aDo you like Hong Kong?
Cantonese around the world

Where is Cantonese spoken?

Cantonese was born in the Canton (Guangzhou) region, at the heart of Guangdong province; it is the everyday language of Hong Kong and Macao. Since the 19th century, emigration has carried it to Southeast Asia, North America, Europe and Oceania, where it was long the language of Chinatowns.

5678910
1234
  1. Guangdong, China — Canton (Guangzhou): the homeland of the language
  2. Hong Kong — official language: Chinese, spoken in Cantonese
  3. Macao — official language: Chinese, spoken in Cantonese
  4. Guangxi, China — Cantonese dialects of Nanning and Wuzhou
  5. Malaysia — Kuala Lumpur and Ipoh
  6. United States — San Francisco
  7. Canada (Vancouver)
  8. Canada (Toronto)
  9. United Kingdom — London
  10. Australia

Homeland or official language Community · Approximate positions. Natural Earth.

Demonstration

The sentence builder

Every combination is checked against the grammar. Bricks marked ≠ don’t go with your choice: pick them to find out why.

Transform
    我想飲茶。
    ngóh séung yám chàh
    I would like to drink tea.
    A session

    Fifteen minutes a day

    Adjustable from 5 to 30 minutes. Missing a day costs you nothing: your progress waits for you.

    Learner with earphones, phone in hand
    3 min
    Review
    Today’s reviews, spaced according to how well you did.
    4 min
    New bricks
    Two or three words, with their audio, their tone and their Yale romanisation.
    5 min
    Build
    Five sentences to build or transform, with mistakes explained.
    3 min
    Listen
    A question you hear, an answer to give.
    The course

    Eight weeks of discovery

    A path, not a promise of a level. Each week targets a skill you can see for yourself.

    一 The six tones, Yale romanisation, pronouns, first actions Pronounce and understand very short utterances
    二 Everyday nouns, affirmative sentences Build subject–verb–object sentences
    三 Negation, yes/no questions Ask and understand simple questions
    四 Where, what, how much, numbers Get practical information
    五 Wanting, being able to, asking politely Order and make a request
    六 Time, getting around, location Describe an action and a simple journey
    七 Dialogues in real situations Respond in a travel situation
    八 Consolidation, listening, transfer Reuse what you have learnt in new sentences
    Read and pronounce

    Six tones, visible on every syllable.

    Cantonese is written in traditional Chinese characters, plus a few characters of its own for the spoken language. Yale romanisation spells each syllable in Latin letters and shows its tone with an accent (ā, á, à) and, for the low tones, a silent h.

    Learn the tones and sounds
    詩sī詩人
    時sìh時間
    十sahp十蚊
    我ngóh我哋
    唔m̀h唔該
    嘅ge我嘅
    Frequently asked questions

    Learning Cantonese with KilaTalk

    What is KilaTalk, and what does learning “by construction” mean?

    KilaTalk is a language-learning app. Instead of memorising lists of phrases, you learn reusable words — people, actions, things, places — and the rules that put them together, then you build, transform and listen to your own sentences.

    Do I need an account? Is it free?

    The sentence builder and the method, pronunciation and reading pages are open to everyone, with no account. The eight-week course, reviews and your word list require an account, which is free to create.

    How much time does it take each day, and what is in the eight-week course?

    A session lasts fifteen minutes, adjustable from 5 to 30: the day’s reviews, new bricks, sentences to build and a listening task. The eight weeks go from the first sounds to real-life dialogues, through negation, questions, numbers and polite requests; it is a discovery path, not a promise of a level.

    How is pronunciation taught?

    Every word and sentence has audio you can play at normal speed or slowly (0.5×, without distorting the voice). Words come with a transcription suited to the language: pinyin for Mandarin, Yale romanisation for Cantonese, rōmaji for Japanese, Revised Romanization for Korean, the International Phonetic Alphabet for Vietnamese and most European languages, and a transliteration for Russian.

    Which languages can I learn from?

    The interface is available in six languages: English, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Chinese and French. Explanations and translations are written for each of them, with comparisons drawn from the learner’s own language.

    Who is behind KilaTalk, and can I trust the sentences?

    KilaTalk is designed and published by SDiTech, a software publisher based in France. Every sentence in the builder is checked by a grammar engine: a combination that doesn’t work is refused, with the rule explained and correct alternatives offered.

    the same traveller sharing dim sum with Hong Kong friends in a big, lively restaurant hall; bamboo steamer baskets, a teapot and cups on the round table

    Lay your first brick.

    Choose your goal and your pace, and the first lesson starts straight away.

    Create my account